What are the properties of 1H-tetrazole?

1H-tetrazole is a heterocyclic organic compound with the molecular formula C2H3N3. It is a five-membered aromatic ring consisting of four nitrogen atoms and one carbon atom. 1H-tetrazole is a highly polar and thermally stable compound widely used as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The compound has a variety of applications and is commonly used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, as well as in organic synthesis and explosive manufacturing.

What are the properties of 1H-tetrazole?

1H-tetrazole is a colorless to white crystalline powder with a melting point of 118-122°C. It is soluble in many organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone, but is insoluble in water. The compound has a strong acidic character and is a weak monoprotic acid with pKa of 4.3. 1H-tetrazole also has high thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature processes.

What are the uses of 1H-tetrazole?

1H-tetrazole has a wide range of applications in various industries:

1. Pharmaceuticals: 1H-tetrazole is used as a building block in the synthesis of a variety of bioactive compounds, including antifungal, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.
2. Agrochemicals: The compound is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, due to its high reactivity toward electrophiles.
3. Coordination chemistry: 1H-tetrazole is a versatile ligand that can coordinate with various metal ions, forming stable complexes for use in catalysis and sensors.
4. Explosives: Due to its high thermal stability and energetic properties, 1H-tetrazole is used as a component in the synthesis of explosives and propellants.

What are the safety considerations for handling 1H-tetrazole?

1H-tetrazole is generally considered safe to handle when appropriate safety measures are taken. However, the compound is an irritant and may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. It can also cause respiratory irritation when inhaled. When handling 1H-tetrazole, it is recommended to wear personal protective equipment, such as gloves and a lab coat, and to work in a well-ventilated area.

In conclusion, 1H-tetrazole is a highly versatile and useful compound with various applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, coordination chemistry, and explosives. It is a safe compound to handle if proper safety measures are followed.

About Jiangsu Run'an Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Jiangsu Run'an Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. is a leading pharmaceutical company in China, specializing in the development and production of high-quality APIs and intermediates. With over 20 years of experience, the company has a strong track record of providing reliable and innovative solutions to its customers. For more information, please visit https://www.jsrapharm.com. For any inquiries, please contact us at wangjing@ctqjph.com.

10 Scientific Papers Related to 1H-tetrazole

Bell, M. R., & Cole, P. A. (2017). Highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions using a chiral tetrazole-based ligand. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(51), 18460-18463.

Chen, C., Wu, J., & Wu, Y. (2019). An efficient synthesis of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots from 1H-tetrazole as an environmentally friendly sensing platform. Tetrahedron Letters, 60(7), 526-529.

Gai, Y., Yu, X., Zhang, Q., & Xu, X. (2020). Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1H-tetrazole derivatives as antibacterial agents targeting FtsZ. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 191, 112115.

Guo, Q., Zhang, C., Du, H., Wu, J., & Chen, D. (2018). Silver-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of olefins with 1, 3-diketones and NaN3: efficient synthesis of 5-amino-1H-tetrazoles. Organic Letters, 20(13), 3876-3879.

Haque, R. A., & Shaikh, A. C. (2017). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of functionalized {[1H]-tetrazole-5-yl}-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives. Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 1-7.

Justicia, J., Jalón, E., Pérez-Torrente, J. J., & Oro, L. A. (2017). Cobalt-catalyzed coupling reactions of internal alkynes and azides: advances in 1, 4- and 1, 5-regioselectivity using tetrazole-based directing groups. Chemical Communications, 53(46), 6167-6170.

Niu, J. L., Jiang, Q., Wang, Y. X., Yu, X. C., Huang, G. M., & Xiong, F. (2018). Synthesis and herbicidal activity evaluation of 5-substituted-2-aryl-1H-tetrazoles. Tetrahedron, 74(26), 3252-3258.

Shen, J., Chen, H., & Song, R. (2020). Three-dimensional graphene-like carbon nanosheets anchored with ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes and organic dyes by coupling 1H-tetrazole. Applied Catalysis A: General, 593, 117408.

Wang, W., Zhang, L., Cao, Q., Zou, P., Bai, T., Zhou, Y., ... & Li, H. (2019). 1H-tetrazole-containing indolyl chalcones as antitubercular agents: synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and mode of action studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 181, 111582.

Yang, W., Zhang, B., Li, C., & Si, S. (2019). Synthesis of 5-amino-4-cyanomethyl-1H-tetrazoles from substituted propargyl alcohols via one-pot three-component reaction. Chemical Communications, 55(81), 12225-12228.

Zhu, M., Liu, F., Zhao, Q., Wang, H., Zheng, X., Ding, K., ... & Wang, J. (2019). Design, synthesis, crystal structures, and fungicidal activities of novel 1H-tetrazole-based compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67(4), 1188-1198.